Internet Crime Essay example -- Technology Computers Web Essays

Internet CrimeNew times bring new(a) crimes. Actually, as time moves on and our world becomes more technologically dependant, the same old time-tested crimes evolve to fit the arena of the Net. To be specific, the most viridity Internet crimes are forgery, assault, fraud, and theft.1IdentityIdentityits our most expensive commodity. It defines who we are and is essential to doing business and carrying on personal relationships. But on the Net, identity element is ambiguous. To paraphrase Microsofts ad campaign, Who do you want to be today? More appropriately, who might want to be you today? Email has become the written colloquy medium of choice for m whatever of usits fast, cheap, convenient, private, and secure. Right? Unfortunately, three out of five is bad. Digital forgery is becoming increasingly common on the Net, in particular email forgery. Virtually anyone can duplicate your email return address and use it to send false, malicious, and even legally actionable messages using what appears to be your relieve oneself and identity. Forged email can also be used to acquire information, create enmity among friends, ruin reputations, defraud people of money or valuable information such as passwords, and even spread hate messages and false death threats. In short, anything a forger can attempt to accomplish in the paper world can be done in the electronic world--but much more easily. The bestIf not the most convenientway to cling to yourself against email forgery is by encrypting your email, rendering the message unintelligible to anyone but its intended recipient.Here are five keys to protecting yourself from forgers.1- Be alert for any responses to emails that you dont believe you have sent.2- Be alert... ...rs as passwords.In conclusion, crimes committed through the Internet medium are the same proverbial monkey that has been on night club back for years, just wearing a different mask. The most common Internet crimes include forgery, assa ult, fraud, and theft.If you are concerned abut possible security holes in your PC network or Internet connection, go to http//coverage.cnet.com/ heart/Features/Dlife/Crime/Quiz2/1,140,,00.html?, take the security survey, and these guys will help you beef up the security of your system. 1 http//coverage.cnet.com/Content/Features/Dlife/Crime/2 http//www.news.com/News/Item/0,4,6577,00.html3 http//www.news.com/News/Item/0,4,120,00.html4 http//www.metro.ch/avpve/5 http//www.bocklabs.wisc.edu/janda/gtvh_faq.html6 http//www.usps.gov/7 http//www.infowar.com/sample/results.html-ssi

Managing Human Relations Essay example -- essays research papers fc

wariness is a broad subject and time has been spent to analyse it.The study of organisations and their management, therefore, has to proceed on a broad front. No single approach provides all answers. It is the comparative study of the different approaches, which will yield benefits to the manager. A central part of the study of the organisation and management is the phylogenesis of management thinking and what may be termed management possibleness.The application of theory brings about change in actual behaviour. Managers reading the work of leading writers on the subject might see in their ideas a message about how they should behave. There are different ways of categorising the various approaches elaborated by discipline of management theory (Figure 1).The following two theories will be looked at in order to spot the problems caused by the management at Aussieco.1. Classical theory 2. Human relations theoryClassical TheoryAccording to the classical writers thought the main emp hasis goes on the planning of the work, the technical requirements of the organisation, principles of management and the premiss of rational and logical behaviour.A clear understanding of the purpose of an organisation is seen as essential to recognise how the company works and how its methods of working can be improved.Identification of general objectives would lead to the clarification of responsibilities and purposes at all levels of the organisation. Many of the classical writers were concerned with the improvement of management structure as a sozzled of increasing productivity.Comparing the Classical writers thought with the actual management structure at Aussieco will prove the unstable and badly structured companys position.Aussieco is an Australian company established in1962. The owner has been able to retain full control and ownership, acting as chairman and chief executive officer since the nates of the business.Although he makes most final decisions, he is not involved with the daily running of the company.The executive managing director is the owners nephew. He is a neo-graduate with no industrial experience, completely unsuitable to cover this position.The key person of the organisation is the general manager. His role consists of organising and supervising five subordinate sectors administration, programming, production, design and development an... ...ce a whole. If these requirements are not met, managers are misdirected and their efforts are wasted.The unequal nature of organisational life of Aussieco and Intech could cause difficulties. It may be expected that Aussieco will affect the healthy organisational environs at Intech spoil the harmony in working relationship, loyalty and commitment to the goals and objectives of the organisation.Conflicts could emerge as a consequence of poor communication or temper clashes. Divergences among competing groups may be seen as inevitable. Conflict is a feature of the unequal nature of organisation al life and a means of bringing about change .BibliographyMullins J. (1996) Management and Organisational Behaviour, Pitman PublishingMorgan G. (1997) Images of Organisation, SEGA PublicationsHollinshead G., Nicholls P., Taibly S. (1999) Employee Relations, Pitman PublishingRobbins S. (1998) Organisational Behaviour, Prentice-HallMabey C., Salaman G., Storey J. (1998) Human Resources Management, BlackwellCascio W. (1998) Managing Human Resources, McGraw HillRollinson D. (1993) Understanding Employee Relations, Addison- Wesley

Bad Day :: essays research papers

Bad Day I work with a lot of foreigners from all around the globe. Sometimes it becomes very difficult to explain things thoroughly without there being some kind of miscommunication which can be very frustrating.On this particular day there was a lot of miscommunication going on. A fellow worker of mine, who is a very nice Ethiopian woman, went into a enduring room so I could pass her pills to her. We both approached the room laughing and joking as we always do. I gave the patient of her pills and stood there while she asked the patient if she wanted a shower since it was her shower day. The patient said, Yes, I would like a shower. Then the women began to say to the patient, no you dont want a shower you want a bed bath. Okay at this point Im a little confused, I was always taught that you must respect the patients wishes if not you could be neglecting the patient. So I step in and say to the women she said she wanted a shower She then turns to me and says in broken English no, she wants a bed bath. Dont you want a bed bath? Youre getting a bed bath. I then turn to her and say she says she wants a shower so we have to give her a shower. We werent getting any resolution to this problem so we decide to talk to the charge nurse. She explains to me that the patient is unable to get up because she needs three strong men to help her. Okay end of confabulation right Wrong the women keeps going on and on about how I was in the room telling her she should have a shower etc, etc. Which was a complete lie. I then turn to her and say thats a lie She doesnt say anything and walks back to the patients room and yells at me,Dont ever talk to me again unless you talk to the Charge Nurse Im never going to talk to you again Okay Im thinking to myself what just happened here. She seems very ticked off but at what? I had no idea why Strange Anyways I decide that now is the lift out time to talk to her about why she got so upset. I wait until she goes into a room and follow her.

Reaching For Dreams - A Ballet :: essays research papers

In watching a professional ballet superstar doesnt realize how much work is effect into making the production come to life. Both the dancers and the choreographers put every ounce of energy and emotion into telling their story. It takes years for a ballerina to train for the labor that goes into becoming professional, however just weeks to learn a full-length ballet. Dancers can sometimes be put through months of sore muscles in order to train. Often ballet dancers are told to loose weight in order to look their part, or are notwithstanding given a few minutes for break after hours of vigorous training. In the end it is all worth it though. When I checked out orbit for Dreams A Ballet from Rehearsal to Opening Night, by Susan Kuklin out of the library I expected to read another boring drawn out diary. amazingly this declare was difficult for me to put down because I became so enthralled by the process of putting on a ballet. At the beginning of this book the author describes the dancers coming in on a rainy Monday morning to begin warm-ups and rehearsal. This of course is the beginning of their voyage to opening night. The dancers taking part in this production were from the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre. The ballet that they plan to perform in sevener weeks is called Speeds. The choreographer of Speeds is a world-renowned woman by the name of Jennifer Mullers. This production contains a class of eleven dancers and five alternates. Speeds is a modern ballet that explains how one moment in time is like no other, and how often things in the world change. throughout this book, Kuklin observes the life of a dancer. The typical day of a professional ballerina at the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre consists of waking up around seven to be at rehearsal in plenty of time to warm-up. In dance warming up your muscles is the most important device to do in the beginning beginning, as it helps you stay clear of any possible injuries. After warming up Jenni fer, the choreographer, teaches them the dance and makes sure that every move flows with the body of the person bound it. She claims that the dancers must be comfortable with the shapes that they dance. After hours of strenuous practice the dancers receive a five-minute break to cool off and grab a bite to eat.

Resurrection of Lazarus in Dostoevskys Crime and Punishment :: Dostoevsky Crime and Punishment

Resurrection of Lazarus in Crime and Punishment In Dostoevskys Crime and Punishment, Raskalnikov undergoes a period of extreme psychological upheaval. By comparing this death and rebirth of Raskalnikovs psyche to the story of the resurrection of Lazarus, Dostoevsky emphasizes not only the gravity of his crimes, but also the importance of acceptance of guilt. From the moment when Raskalnikov murders the old woman, his nature grows to change drastically. Dostoevsky challenges the reader to understand the madness which ensues by first demonstrating that the ideas and convictions to which Raskalnikov clung died along with the women. While the reader struggles with this realization, Dostoevsky incorporates the Biblical legend of Lazarus as a symbolic reverberate for Raskalnikovs mind. By connecting the two, the reader encounters the foreshadowing of a rebirth of morals and beliefs, though what form this may assume remains cryptic. As references to Lazarus continue to occur, the f eeling of symmetricalness increases in intensity. Just as Raskalnikov slowly struggled through madness, Lazarus lay dying of a terrible disease. When Lazarus eventually dies, Raskalnikov mimes this by teetering on the edge of insanity, the death of the mind. finally Sonya begins to pull Raskalnikov back to reality by relieving a portion of his guilt. As his Christ figure, she accomplishes this by providing the moral and spiritual sturdiness which Raskalnikov lost after his debasement during the murders. Sonya affects him not by active manipulation, but via her basic character, just as Christ personified his beliefs through the manner in which he lived his life. No matter what Raskalnikov says or does to her, she accepts it and looks to paragon to forgive him, just as Jesus does in the Bible. This eventually convinces Raskalnikov that what he did was in fact a crime and that he must repent for it and" taste atonement". Through this realization, Raskalnikov decides he must redeem himself not only in the eyes of the law, but in the eye of God as well. By foreswearing his old philosophy and accepting his guilt, Raskalnikov again mirrors Lazaruss acceptance of Jesus as his savior. While Lazarus accepts his new life through his rebirth, Raskalnikov acknowledges his guilt and therefore allows his mind to begin life anew.

What is a Dream? Essay -- Literary Analysis, Shakespeare, Carroll

Your eyelids are heavy and your opinion is fogging, finally they close entirely with the weight of the eyelids, and in a few proceedings you know fallen into slumber. You wake up with a vivid image in your mind, but you have no clue as to what it means it was on the dot a dream. A dream, some may argue is irrelevant images assorted together creating nonsense. Others depict a dream as a message our mind is telling us. Throughout the day, the mind subconsciously picks up pieces of our daily life, whether they are thoughts, emotions, ideas, or interactions. The brain naturally resists chaos and is attuned to order and organization and, therefore, sees past the mental disorder and malfunctions, it begins to matrix things, such as images in the clouds. It is through dreaming that these images sort out all the confusion in the ordinary daily life and reveals a bizarre and unrealistic world, which is a reflection of the unstable reality that is actually lived in. Reality is considered unstable because it is constantly ever-changing, moving and transforming into something else whether people are aging, dying or being born. It is a constantly changing factor that people refuse to accept, and it is in our dreams that it is revealed. It is in this dream world where William Shakespeare and Lewis Carroll use fantastical characters, such as fairies and the White Rabbit to exemplify the daily interactions bingle must make to seek the truth. It is in the court and woods where everything is turned upside down, and where what is right is wrong, and what one knows, are no longer relevant. Ultimately these dreams illustrate the absence of time within these worlds. The dream process plays an essential function in both Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream and Carrolls Alic... ...nuously move to get somewhere and when they find they are looking for, they still have to salvage going. The characters met through the journey represent the logical and illogical strangers that peo ple face every day and some may help while others might quilt them down. These interactions are significant because every interaction and actions affect a person even if it is not all that clear. Time is the biggest factor in how reality is unstable. No matter what a person does, time is constantly there, and every second is a second past. The main reason it is not stable is because it is always changing and moving and whether one likes it or not, no one can change time. In a dream, time is not a factor and characters met can have no significance and in a dream, erect for those few hours, the world can be a perfect and stable place, at least just until it is time to wake up.

Life History Project

LIFE HISTORY PROJECT By Lorraine ward PSY 355 5/14/09 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract .. 3 heart History Research . 4-8 Works Sited Page .. 9 App windupix 10- 15 Photo of Inter prospectee . 16 ABSTRACT This enquiry delves into the special concerns of age. I look at options that to be explored to make sprightliness more satisfying for senior citizens. vex Lo Vette was my inter sketchee and his answers ar resembling to others his age, depending on ducational behindground, socioeconomic status, workforcetal and physical health. Programs strike to be implemented for grey-headeder adults and their families to discuss the life-time. Lorraine Ward 5/1/2009 PSY 355 Life History physical composition I chose to do the life history interview. I interviewed my neighbor/family friend, stimulate E. Lo Vette. I acquire a lot of interesting facts more or less Harry. He is the showcase of person that you fire acquit a conversation with for hours and lose track of the measure. Our inte rview took at least two hours.I present decided to encounter my pargonnts fill emerge a questionnaire. This will be great to look back on, when my electric s take uprren deplete their own boorren. I am going to fill wizard out, too. I think it is a great way to record people in your family. My great, great, great-grandchildren may find it comforting to hear that we started cleaning up our satellite or that cars ran on gas or moon hotels hadnt developed, yet. These could be included in time capsules to show how weve evolved through genesis to times. There ar m all similarities between my interview and what we discussed in class.The iodin that bothers me the most is the conductance of pain. Harry said he had overall good health merely later(prenominal) in the interview said I hurt. I take a few pills & it makes you feel dumb in the head & the pain goes away for half(prenominal) an hour. I cognize my grandmother plays with pain, too and she takes hands full of presc ription medicine. A man at my seam takes 15 different vitamin and medications, twice a day. He suffers with pain. I entert understand why take the pills if you are still going to hurt? Why prescribe a medication that obviously doesnt work?Why are we not looking for alternative methods to take their pain away, if medications/pain relievers arent working? It dupems to me that the physicians are unspoilt dealing with the pain and not the cause. Do we exclusively put our elderly on a shelf? Here, take these. Go nursing home and come back when these are gone. Your children and grandchildren have their hectic functions and visit between PTA meetings, softball, and soccer games. Your friends any cant drive, have passed on, go south for winter, or are in a nursing home, possibly suffering more than you.We treat animals better than we treat our elderly and our country is supposed to be a great turn out to live.. We moldiness look into changing this. in that respect is more to agi ng than meets the eye (Althoff, pg. 9) For some, later long time are a time of struggle, while others sleep to start upher greater success (Crosnoe, pg. 310). This may be because of good physical and mental health or because of their socioeconomic status being a positive one. agree to Crosnoe, three criteria must be met to have a successful adaptation to aging. These criteria are family engagement, occupational success, and civic involvement.We must remember that everyone is unique in their aging process, also. These factors are relevant to a subjects differences in wideevity and aging biological background, study, occupation, marital status and family life, ethnic group, geographic location, housing, recreation, religion, and social class. (Althoff, pg. 9) Family interactions are important throughout life (Brubaker, pg. 212). Time spent with ones family is important and so is accomplishing career goals (Crosnoe, pg. 311). Harry was successful in his career and enjoyed his job at the telephone company.He had a bad fall but went back on the job after he could walk, again. Also, he was involved with boy Scouts from the time he was a child. I can recall numerous stories he has told my family and I some his camping trips with the Boy Scouts. He really enjoyed instruction the young boys important life skills and respect. He has had a lot of civic involvement. Marital status can have a positive influence on aging, also, especially if its a long term marriage to only one partner. It enhances a persons security and provides social networks, especially for men (Crosnoe, pg. 312).Harry has been married twice but he realizes his first marriage dissolved because of his alcoholism. Alcoholism is disruptive (Crosnoe, pg. 312). He still visits his first wife (Rose) in the nursing home she resides at. Donna his current wife understands because she realizes Rose has Alzheimers disease and cancer. Harry has been married to Donna for over twenty five old age. Religion can be beneficial to aging subjects. It can provide comfort, direction, a sense of association, and an anchor in social networks, which can increase social amalgamation over time and aid in successful adaptation Crosnoe, pg. 313). Harry is active in his church, the Salvation Army. His church gives to the less fortunate and Harry finds this important. He came from a family that believed in giving. to the extent that aging includes a greater concern with others welfare. (Silver, pg. 13). Harrys mother brought food to those without, during the Great Depression. Its fulfilling to help others, out of the kindness of your heart. system of rules within the family unit is important at any age. Well-organized families weathered even out severe losses, while disorganized families suffered severe disruption. (Duvall, pg. 131). Every family has conclusive essential tasks that must be met (a) provide physical care, (b) allocate resources, (c) arbitrate who does what, (d) assure members soci alization, (e) authenticate interaction models, (f) incorporate and extricate members, (g) relate to society through its institutions, (h) and affirm team spirit and motivation (Duvall, pg. 131). I know in my own family if we stay organized, amours run more smoothly and we have spare time for leisure activities. If we dont stay on top of things, then its very chaotic.Psychological well-being and social engagement is a lifelong process. (Crosnoe, pg. 309). A positive view of the world may not be crucial for the young, but seeing the world as more than good and people as more honest than not is a source of well-being for older adults. (Silvers, pg. 14). I see this in Harry. During my interview with him, I asked if he had experienced any prejudice against him collectable to his age and he had said no. He went onto explain that a younger person ineluctably to be taught to respect others. This is a positive view of the world.I do wonder if this is across the board or if only by th ose who have adapted well to aging. Also, I wonder if this occurs across multicultural backgrounds or just those of European decent. The Great Depression and World War II greatly affected the current generation of senior citizens. They probably knew soulfulness who served in the armed forces at this time or they themselves served. Combat experience and family death are traumatic events that affect a person for the entirety of his/her life (Crosnoe, pg. 313). Combat in World War II increased odds of eing less adjusted (289%) (Crosnoe, pg. 321). Those who served in WWII or had suffered a loss of a child were less likely to be satisfied with their life than others (Crosnoe, pg. 323). War veterans have a less effective style for aging, even stratums later (Crosnoe, pg. 324). The end of WWII brought more problems with it. American families were in disarray. (Duvall, pg. 127). The men came back from the war changed by the event. The women had experienced a newfound independence of bein g employed outside the home.Children were either left fatherless (during the war) or went off to war. President Truman formed the First National Conference on the Family for 1948. The enlistment of participation of 123 national agencies centered on the family was called on. (Duvall, pg. 127). Truman actually acknowledged that families were in need of help. I wish our President or past President would acknowledge this. Our troops are coming home with many confusing thoughts and addictions (Heroin is cheaper in Iraq and Afghanistan. ). They have never been faced with these kinds of traumatic events.A person must ascertain a certain amount of habits to examine they live a fulfilling life, even into old age. One must moderate food, drink, and physical pleasures (Althoff, pg. 11). Too much of a good thing, is not good. A person should avoid grief, drugs, tobacco products, and an excess of alcohol (Althoff, pg. 11). These are toxins. It is wise to exercise daily, get plenty of sleep, get good medical care, have good personal hygiene, and breathe pure air. Quality medical care is solid to come by for lower income adults, especially the elderly, in America.It is recommended that one achieve a vestibular sense of physical and mental work throughout their lifespan (Althoff, pg. 11). It is a fact that as we age our bodily functions decrease. The resolution of early stages greatly influences the outcomes of later stages. (Dunkel, pg. 13). This would be along the same lines of Psychoanalytic theory, also. Erikson has eight stages in his theory. The one that affects this paper, though, is integrity versus despair. In old age the individual must assess their lives and have a sense of contentment or sorrow. Wisdom arrives with integrity as strength (Dunkel, pg. 4). According to Dunkel, a basic sense of trust develops an understanding of autonomy, industry, identity, intimacy, generativity, and integrity (Dunkel, pg. 14). Harry seemed comfortable with his childishness and therefore, I assume this is why he is adjusting well to aging. My grandmother, too, has adapted well to aging, even though she suffers through a lot of pain. Is it doable that surviving great hurdles like war and economic struggles can bring a family closer and help a person to learn contend mechanisms to deal with adaptations needed in aging?Listening to the power rate presentations in class, those who had a closer family network and had to struggle at some point in their life had a better outlook on aging. Is it generational or a theory we need to further research? The next generation to reach old age is the baby boomers. They are facing a different set of problems than their parents did. There is a higher rate of single parents, divorced, septuple marriages, extramarital activities, women that had entered the job force, and live in households where both parents were working (Giordano, pg. 11). This generation was more likely to have parents still alive and live close to them (Giordano, pg. 411). They are the recipients of advanced medical research, greater economic security, more open to alternative lifestyles, rising social security payments, and achieved higher levels of education (Giordano, pg. 412). Harrys daughters are examples of how true this is. All three of them are teachers and that is a higher education than Harry achieved. This generation has developed a more positive attitude on aging.They have adapted well and have increased their leisure activities, enjoy happier marriages and family relations (Giordano, pg. 412). There are (and will be) more fourth and fifth generation families. These subjects will require more counseling, health and enrichment programs (individual and marriage), and family therapy techniques will need adjusting to compensate for larger family networks (Giordano, pg. 413). They will be the pacesetters for the increase use of technology. They will not suffer from as many serious health issues, as previous generations had (Giordano, pg. 14). My parents are baby boomers and I agree with Giordano on most of what he wrote well-nigh on this generation. My mother goes to Curves for fitness. My father gardens, and remodels their home. This is form of enjoyment. They both like to travel via car to different castles and other places of interest to them. I know my grandparents never did this. In fact, I dont believe they could afford to. Health may be the most important factor associated with an older persons well-being. (Brubaker, pg. 212-213). Retirement is a major influence in an older adults life.It adds to the achievable confusion that accompanies growing older. There need to be support groups that are union based and accessible to all ethnicities and genders, surrounding the topic of retirement. Women have more difficulty adjusting to retirement than men. (Brubaker, pg. 215). These support groups need to address financial planning (retirement income), empty nest syndrome, leisure activities, small er households/larger family networks, medical care, intergenerational issues, accessing new technologies, social changes, fitness for the mind and body, and emotional changes (Brubaker, pg. 13). Concurrent with the changes in spousal interaction, older parents need to develop new patterns of communication and interaction with their independent children. (Brubaker, pg. 213). Issues pertaining to retirement programs are theoretical assumptions that under pins the programs rationale, significance of the agenda, timing of such learning occasions, pedagogy patterns, and accessibility of the program (Brubaker, pg. 215). There are stereotypes encompassing senior citizens that need to be altered because so many are negative.The assumption that older subjects dont engage in sexual activities is false, for the most part. Many may not realize that holding hands, caressing each other, massages, and foreplay can shrewd to sexual activity. Intercourse does not need to be the only way to reliev e sexual tension. Also, they may need to hear that its perfectly prevalent and okay to engage in sexual activity. Previous generations may have been told that it was not okay and this may have been passed down to other generations. As long as a physician has not said to refrain from sexual activity, it should be safe to do so.Other stereotypes include hearing loss, memory loss, soften of bladder, perversion (dirty old man), and the necessity to call them honey or dear. There is hearing loss but not in everyone and not to the extreme pictured in cartoons. Short term memory loss is common but generally, long term memory is intact and eager beaver than some younger persons. Bodily functions do decrease but not everybody loses control of their bladder. The Depends and Serenity commercials would have you believe this occurs with all older adults, but it just simply isnt true. The Viagara commercials play on people in the same way.Old people are no more likely to be distorted than any one else. It is okay to be sexually attracted to another adult at any age. The person the attraction is aimed at should feel honored to be find by a more distinguished person. The older adult should feel proud that these feelings can be evoked still. Many older adults are living to see their childrens children and some have no idea how to deal with this. Nearly 75% of older people are grandparents and go aboutly half are great-grandparents. (Brubaker, pg. 216). Classes should be offered on how to be adequate, functional grandparents.Issues to be taught through family education classes ought to include what to do with a grandchild, different grandparenting styles, intergenerational differences/similarities, how these bonds will strengthen the family structure, gender differences, listening to views of younger people, lifespan development, generativity, increase satisfaction of having grandchildren, and how to improve family communication (Brubaker, pg. 216-217). A grandparents rol e is very different from a parents role. They are more nurturing and less disciplining. A grandparent can teach a child more than a parent can, though.A child can learn about a generation that has past, with more detail than a textbook. Grandparents offer a wide array of learning experiences for their grandchildren. Environment influences how a subject adapts to aging. People with particular needs search for the environments that meet them best. (Text, ch. 5). Many different cultures hold the older generation as the wisest. Some are chiefs in their nations or kings/queens of their empires. The United States is one of the most powerful countries in the world but they hold very little respect for senior citizens. In fact, there are very few programs available to older adults.They often are challenged with high medical bills, high costs of mobility equipment, transportation costs (after they lose use of their drivers license), and possible nursing home costs. Senior citizens may feel distraught over the obstacle of maturing. Our economy will determine if more programs are able to be launched or not. It will ascertain how well or not, the elderly live. (Frontline Video Living Old)The length of time they live will be affected by the cost of living. Nursing homes need to get a facelift. Instead of being waiting way of lifes for death, they should be improved to be gazed upon as an oasis for the elderly.They have lived full lives and deserve to be treated with respect. Programs required in this environment are life history therapies, training for staff, co-ed rooms, family education about lifespan development, technology training, discussions about aging (group therapy), memory builder games or skill training, course availability (of their choice) at a local college or learning institution, and options about dying with dignity (vegetable state, assisted suicide? , living wills). Presently, our economy is facing a possible depression. Medicare has been cut and Socia l Security runs the risk of running out of funding.Older adults are being forced either out of a job or into an early retirement due to budget cutbacks, the closing of companies, or the companies have moved out of the country. This leaves an older adult at a loss of coping skills. This needs to be addressed within every community because it affects everyone. Many of these people dont have the required skills to achieve another job without a higher education. Some may not even have a high crop diploma or GED. They are now faced with competing for jobs with younger, more viable adults that do have the required education and skills.This is a major stressor for these misplaced aging adults. Their risk for acute illnesses may rise due to this added stress leaving them even more vulnerable. I learned a lot from this course on adult development and aging, the life history interview, and this research paper. I realized how condescending I may ponderous to elderly customers who step into m y taxi by calling them honey or sugar. I had never even thought about it until we learned it in class. Im conditioning myself to use it less and to treat senior citizens like others in my cab and in general. I respect my elders, always.This is how I was raised and something I struggle to instill in my children. They seem so stubborn (lol). I tried to include approximately the same information in my research paper as I asked in my life history interview with Harry Lo Vette. This wasnt difficult because most of the information I found on aging surrounded these same topics or topics we had already discussed in class. Im going to interview my parents and myself for fun. The answers may be worth putting in a time capsule or away for future generations to reminisce over. It will be interesting to review and revise my answers when Im 50 or 60.This course was rewarding for me because I learned more than I ever thought I would. The achievements that older adults have over me are that they h ave successfully lived longer than I have (to date). WORKS SITED Althoff, Sally A. (1975). Preparing Teachers, Students, and Citizens to Deal Constructively with the Problems and Potentialities of Aging. 1-79. Brubaker, T. H. , Roberto, K. A. (1993). Family Life Education for the subsequently Years. Family Relations, 42, 212-221. Crosnoe, R. , Elder, Jr, G. (2002). Successful Adaptation in the Later Years A Life Course Approach to Aging. Social Psychology Quarterly, 65, 309-328.Dunkel, C. S. , Sefcek, J. A. (2009). Eriksonian Lifespan Theory and Life History Theory An Integration Using the Examples of identity operator Formation. Review of General Psychology, 13, 13-23. Duvall, Evelyn M. (1988). Family Developments First Forty Years. Family Relations, 37, 127-134. Giordano, Jeffrey. (1988). Parents of the Baby Boomers A New Generation of Young-Old. Family Relations, 37, 411-414. Silver, R. C. , Poulin, M. (2008). World Benevolence Beliefs and Well-Being Across the Life Span. Psych ology and Aging, 23, 13-23. APPENDIX Life History Interview DEMOGRAPHIC INFO 1) What is your full name?Harry Edward Lo Vette 2) Where were you born? Corning Hospital, Corning, NY 3) What is your age? 79 (10/19/1929) 4) Oldest of 5 children 3 boys & 2 girls. I lost one brother here, 10 years ago. He worked with asbestos Corning Glass. He died of Cancer from the asbestos. 5) Where did you live as a child? Spent most of my life in 100 radius of Dundee area. Grew up in Monterey on a farm, during the Depression, for a number of years. Lived in the Chenango Forks down near Binghamton & then we came back to Dundee area Lakemont. Then we moved back to Binghamton area & then back to Dundee, just before the War 1950.Then I graduate high tame in 1949. Went to Korea, came home & got married, 1st marriage, lived there until 1955 when I went to work for the phone company down in Corning. 6) What do you recall about your family home and neighborhood you lived in as a child? We lived on a 500 a cre farm. We didnt have many cows. We milked 35 cows by hand, my brother & I, my mother & my father did. Everything was done by mules. We had black mules. During The Depression time you didnt know you were supposed to have currency in your sac but we had food. We lived good, on food. We had all kinds of animals.Plus, we hunted a lot. We had beef, pork, never raised rabbits. We had ducks, chickens, and we always had a couple of tame sheep. The neighbors raised sheep. My mother always do us our White shirts. And I went to a one room school house until I was in 4th grade, over in Monterey. One room school house, one teacher, maybe 16 students. My mother was strict. My father only hit me just one time & that was calling my brother a liar. He was a hard working man, but he didnt condone that type of behavior. We were supposed to take turns cutting wood, fill the kindling box and telling wood.Come in from chores one morning, my father said Before you eat, who was supposed to cut kindli ng wood tolerate night? My brother said Harry. I turned around to him. My father said Get out there & cut it. When I went by my brother, I said You liar. I can remember it & I never proverb it coming. He picked up the little coal shovel & caught me right across the fanny. (He chuckled) He use to jeopardize to tear our arm off & beat us to death with a bloody stump, but he didnt mean it. My mother was the domineering one, belt, switch, strap strap. 7) Where do you live? 800 Hill Road, Genoa, NY 13071 8) How long have you lived your current address? 28 yrs. Married Donna & moved in. Donna lived there for 29 years. (He gets in conversation with my ma about our family house. It was built in early 1800s. ) 9) With whom do you live? Donna (wife) 10) Are there any concerns about safety or mobility? No. I cant do the things I use to do. A little lame, so far, no. 11) Both of us are retired. I retired after 32 years from the phone company. Your annual income $20,000-$30,000. We run ab out $30,000 a year, between the 2 of us. 12) What is your ethnicity?Paternal Grandfather French Canadian. Paternal Grandmother Scottish & English. 13) What religion do you practice? Christianity. Salvation Army. 14) How has the church affected your life and the life of your family? Different attitude looking things. A lot of good friends. Changed my life by quitting drinking. I dont get as upset as I use to. I find the Salvation Army is comforting. Ive been down there since 1972. Many churches are cliquish. They have their small groups. They may even look down their nose you, if youre not properly dressed or youre not this or this.The Salvation Army has never been that way. Their theme has always been you can teach the Word to someone who is down and out and hungry. The 1st thing you do is feed them & pick them up. Its been better for my life. 15) What did you do for a living (jobs)? Picked berries/grapes as a child (make $100 a season), high school drove truck (17-18 without a drivers license) (big) markets, Corning Glass Works- tele peck bulbs (Spring 1950-1st to make rectangle bulbs), Army (Korea), drove truck, Dundee Phone Comp, NY Phone Comp. was NY Phone Comp for 32 years (1953-1985) Got hurt on phone Comp job 32 (1962).Fell from top of pole & landed standing up, couldnt walk for almost 1 year 16) How has these jobs changed? People my age were brought up to work. The injury changed his life. The Army & Korea let him travel. People working the jobs changed. Cell phones changed the whole phone company. Computers took over my job. HEALTH and LEVEL of carrying out 1) How is your overall health? Good. I take blood pressure medicine, but my blood pressure is good. I quit smoking in 1983. 2) Have you had any serious illnesses? Bronchitis. I get it every winter now. It was real bad this year the 1st Anti-biotic didnt work. ) How did this affect your life? I didnt get much done. This weekend was my 1st time in my wood shop this year. 4) Have there been an y changes in your physical functioning over the last several years? (He chuckles)Not as much stamina. I cant do hard work for as many hours, w/out rest. 5) Has your vision or hearing changed? Yeah Had Cataracts removed & new lenses implanted. Then got better vision than before. All hearing gone in right ear & hard to hear in left. 6) Has your memory changed? Yes. 7) Does this affect your life? Long term is good. Short term memory is bad. Not as sharp.I can do mathematics & plan a deck still. My 1st wife has Alzheimers disease. 8) Has your ability to use your mind or learn new things changed? You have to adapt. bearing makes the difference. If you want to learn, you will learn it. 9) How are you treated by younger people? Respect is given & taken. You have to give younger people respect. Lately, I havent had to associate with them. You have to lay it down to them. I never was discriminated against. 10) How do you feel about getting older? You learn to accept it. I dont want to live to be 100. I just dont want to go into a nursing home, unless I have to.Id rather not. 11) If you could be any age, what would you be? Id like to go back & be 19, again. Up until 32, when I fell. Now, some days its an effort to get up & do anything. I hurt. I take a few pills & it makes you feel dumb in the head & pain goes away for half an hour. Yeah, those were good years. 12) Why? My life started. I enjoyed life. The last of the 40s (the 1940s) was good. AGE-GRADED, HISTORY-GRADED, and NON-NORMATIVE EVENTS 1) What is your highest level of formal education? High school. Graduated in 1949. Army map-making survey = 2 years of college. semester of college Auburn Community College, after I fell off the telephone pole. 2) Where did you attend school? Monterey (1 room school house), Dundee (built new school in 1939), Chenango Forks (1937-2 years), & Dundee. 3) How did you get back & forth from school? 1st walked ? mile, later walked 2 miles to catch the school bus. 4) What were some of your classmates names? Richard Peterson, Roscoe (big bee guy), microphone Hartford, A. Chadwick, Mary Sharp (my old flame) 5) Do you recall any childhood girlfriends? Mary Sharp (8 years) went bad while I was in Korea. 6) Marriages? 2.My 1st wife (Rose) has Alzheimers and liver cancer 7) Where did you meet Donna? At Work. She came to the phone company. 8) Children? 1st Marriage 3 daughters (all over 50 years old), 2nd Marriage 2 step-children (daughter & son). 9) Grandchildren? 4 & 4 step-grandchildren. 10) Where do your children live? Oregon, California, and Willard, NY. All are teachers. 11) How often do you see them? Out of state not as often. The one in NY more often. 12) Romantic Relationships (not married to)? Honestly? 30. I was proposed to 3 times during the Leap Year I got out of service. Only 1 regret. 3) Are your children positive in areas you need them to be as you age? Yes. Steps David more than Dorie. 14) Do they respect your wishes? Yes. 15) What effect did (The Depression, World War I, and World War II) have on your life? The Depression always had food. My mother made us white shirts. She was a good seamstress. Christmas wasnt as big. My mom made our gifts. She made me a farm set by hand. Mother gave the neighbor some foods that we had made. World War 1 It was depressing. I was 11 years old. World War 2 a friend of our family was in a Japanese prison Camp (didnt die).We lost friends in Normandy. In Maine airplane spotters. 16) What changes have you noticed during your life in such areas as fashion, morality and technology? Fashion always wore jeans, sweatshirts, shoes. Probably affected women more than men. Morality NOT taught anymore Depressing. I had a certain amount of wildness but not like today. 20s No Respect. Drug Problem mostly Blacks (out of large cities & high school drop-outs). We didnt have television. Media changed, too. 1st World War it was weeks before we heard anything. 2nd World War took 1 week. Korea 3-4 days. Vietnam same day. We kept some things quiet/hidden. engine room EVERYTHING Farming, cars (model B-4, 6-cylinder), lawn mowers (we had push mowers) riders, flying (My 1st ride Old Home Days 1935. $5. 00 in an open cockpit, 2-seater now 35,000 feet above ground, across USA) 17) How do you feel about these changes? Some is good. A lot. Pesticides/sprays/growth are NOT good. There is a certain amount you have to have. Manufacturers processed food. Candy bars use to be made Hershey Chocolate factory. 18) What do you think is one of the best technologies? Medical field.The development. If we had MRIs & Cat Scans I wouldnt have gone what I had when I fell. Sooner for recovery time. Extended life (transplants) 19) What do you think is one of the worst? Control over pesticides/growth hormones/sprays on our vegetation are deadly I wonder if this has anything to do with the trouble with newborns. 20) What was family life like when you were growing up? We looked out for each other. We al l had jobs around the house. My Dad was a truck driver. He taught me how to drive tractor trailer truck 14. We did things together as a family picnics, family gatherings.My Dad taught me farm work. Dad was interested in my schooling. We were very close. He was killed in a truck accident while I was in the service. 21) What was your favorite radio show? Lone Ranger, Amos & Andy, The Green Hornet, & The Shadow, The Riflemen. 22) How old were you when you got your first television? 1947-48. It was an Admiral. 16 set. 23) What are some of the traditions still carried on by your family? Birthdays & holidays. Easter is big in the church. 24) What were your favorite childhood games? Sandlot Baseball. We had a family of full-blooded Indians that lived above us.We played a lot of Indian games Lacrosse we made our own sticks & balls (baked clay wrapped in cloth), Stone Toss (similar to Tidily Winks), and a homemade game using a dried out pig bladder ( air dried, inflated with air, and used as a ball), Softball, Allie-Allie Over (over the school house, 2 teams-one on each side), bloom the Can, Hide & Seek, see who could swing over the top of bar (above the swing), Foxfire (on Spook Night) (decaying wood, NOT handled by your (bare)hands), hunt down, fishing. 25) What other entertainment have you enjoyed? Square & Round dances, hiking, swimming. hearty LIFE 1) How many friends do you have? 100 easy. 5 close. You should always have 5 close friends. 2) How many of these friends are childhood friends? 15-20, some have died. 3) How often are you able to visit with them? Some not for years (meaning more than 2), some every 2 years, & some everyday. It depends on if they are old friends or new friends. 4) What activities did you enjoy doing when you were in your 20s? Roller skating & dancing. Hunting & fishing. 30s? Fell off pole. Small amount of fishing. 40s? Hunted & fished. Some woodwork. 50s? Fished & Bear hunting (Canada).Built my wood shop in my late 50s early 60s. Wo od working. 5) What are some activities you like to do together? 1950-1972 Camping Canada, Nova Scotia, had nice Gardens 6) How many of these activities have changed as a result of getting older? Lots of them. Not as many. Dont hunt, little fishing, no camping. 7) Do you conk out to any church or other social groups? Mens Fellowship church. 8) How has the Boy scouts affected your life? Better understanding of the world. Nature. Benefit live with nature & do it comfortably. 9) What Words of Advice would you like to pass on to future generations in your family?Get a good education that you can get money & be comfortable. Go to college in fields worthwhile & prosperous. Nothing wrong with making a good living. STORY TIME Some people youve met during your life-time leave footprints in your life forever. You could talk about your family members, relatives, friends, acquaintances, or special some ones and how they made an impact in your life or even changed your life. Also, places you ve been to or where you lived could also be nice reminiscences since you could describe the place, the people in it, and how the weather was like.My 1st Scout Master NOT to judge others to fast. Dont know what they have been through. Dad Stand up for what you believe in. Lots of people in Korea, camping. Some memorable pieces or items could become great components of reminiscing. Things like your childhood toys or games. Heirlooms are wonderful jewelries that have been given from generation to generation that bring history. This can be anything that may not be important to others but may be significant to you and brought good memories. Some things of my Dad & my uncle. An emblem from a guy I met on my way to Korea.I never saw him, again. 1) Do you have any regrets about your life? Lots of things. 2) What are they? I wouldnt have drunk like I did. I made a lot of money and didnt save it. 3) Are there things you would like to do that you havent done yet? evaporate faster than the s peed of sound (had the opportunity in 1991. Didnt do it. ), visit Australia. 4) Do you think you will do them? Maybe. Who knows? Is there anything else you would like to consider about yourself or a story? Ive lived a rich life. I was accepted at Oswego State Teaching School but I didnt have the money to go. .

Bachelor’s Degree and Partial Fulfillment Essay

Adviser Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree in Bachelor of Science in estimator Science by the citizens committee of Oral Examiners. Chairman Member Member Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree in Bachelor of Science in Computer Science March, 2013 Dean, CITE Department ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis will not be possible without the help and support of the following individuals who gave their guidance and assistance in the development of this study.From the , we express much gratitude to our dean, , our adviser who aided us with all the academic requirements and slap-uply inspired us as we passed all the obstacles throughout the terminus of this work. The Discipline Office especially for being compliant to our queries regarding the manual(a) system they have and about their specifications for the new system. The people we most wish to thank atomic number 18 our families, for whom our education would not have b een possible and who held faith in us and pushed us to achieve success in everything we do.This example of success is a great chance that we will stride for the victory of our lives. To our respective colleagues and to the members of the group, for the endless brainstorming from dusk till dawn and coming up with concepts that helped us with this research. Lastly, of all the hardships and challenges that we encountered, we are humbly thankful because the Lord Almighty showered us knowledge, courage, and passion to endure and succeed in the completion of this work.AbstractThe purpose of this study is to improve the manual record management system of the Discipline Office in by transforming it as a web-based system. The research study focuses on simplifying the difficult and time-consuming trade union movement of managing, tracking, and handling student discipline records and helps improve discipline by ensuring that students are held accountable for their actions effectively. Advanta ges and disadvantages of both systems were identified by conducting this work.To gather the needed data, interview and bailiwick methods were used and analyzed by means of descriptive approach. The results showed that the respondents agree that an online system is more preferable to have than the other, as it gives benefits to the university by enabling them to efficiently do by discipline-related tasks. As stated from literatures, these findings clearly emphasize the need for the conversion of the offices manual system to ensure the reliability and validity of records.

Internal Controls

Risks surrounding the identified accounts The Audit of gross ton Ltd has highlighted number of jeopardizes. The risks highlighted In the audit atomic number 18 discussed throughout the report. Below is a table of the risks and tests to carry out, based on the five accounts highlighted as being of risk. The universal assertion that is common to the five accounts is valuation and allocation. Account Assessment of Risk Substantive audit act Accounts Receivable Account Receivable has Increased while gross sales has lessen. geezerhood In receivables ratio has withal Increased considerably. This highlights a high risk of overstatement of the assets. Subsequent assessment of sales receipts, develop receivable trial balance, and keep abreast up on amounts that ar overdue. motion with key persons as to how and when overdue balances atomic number 18 classified as bad debts. Current Investments The decrease In current Investments inescapably Investigating, as well as why It has b een Impaired and has the Impairment typesetly been done. Review the parcel out certificates, to vary they argon held, and how m any are held. Review the share prices used in the balance to the ASS listed prices. Property Assets Due to the property market being in decline, why hasnt the property in the financial reports non as well as diminish considerably? There could be an overstatement of property assets. Inquiry on why the directors plump for deard the property the way they did and reasoning for It. outside valuation by an expert. Intangible Assets No movement in intangible assets is unusual, particularly considering technology does not have an indefinite life.Overstatement of assets could be in use. Inquiry on why the directors valued the asset they way they did and reasoning for It. External valuation by an expert. Deferred Developmental Expenditure Even though analytical procedures depose only be used, deferred learning expenditure requires Investigation, due to the more than signifi screwingt increase. Added to that the information that a competitor has successfully developed and patented a kindred device the future economic benefits from the deferred development expenditure is in question.Is there / could there be an overstatement? Assessment of accounting procedures used to create the deferred development expenditure balance. Inquiry to directors, and experts about the obsolescence of the companys laser development. Expert analysis of the technology. After all analytical procedures have been used to evaluate any risks to the financial reports of TON Ltd a number of risks have been highlighted in other accounts. Although It Is highly un apt(predicate) for a administer to genuinely manipulate expenses to A) is certainly a major appertain for TON Ltd.The operating expenses has similarly doubled in percentage of total sales (Appendix C). The decrease in inventories whilst also having an increase in accounts receivable is in truth unusual, mainly due Tao decrease in sales revenue. This highlights that accounts are not being written off to (increase he companys assets), falsified sales (increase the companys assets), or even theft of inventory. Business Risk The business risk for TON Ltd has increased from previous years. The primary business risk of look up is the loan agreement coiffed on the money borrowed to fund research projects.As the agreement with the bank states, that if the companys debt to equity ratio increases to over 1. 21. 0 the bank is allowed to demand immediate repayment. The analytical procedure has shown that the debt to equity ratio has increased from 1. 021. 0, to 1. 111. 0 (Appendix B). This is of great concern to he departure concern of the business, and points out that the entities is highly leveraged and may be unable(predicate) to meet its debt obligations. Other factors concerning going concern are the other put onability ratios (Appendix B).This risk of going concern can create consi derable pressure for the manipulation, deceit or modification of financial records in order to meet the agreement in place. The decline of the property market is also another increased business risk, as one on TON Lads major activities is investing in the property market. The decrease in the property market ultimately decreases the value of assets in TON Ltd and such presents the risk of overstatement of the value, or understatement of the impediment of the property.This influences the current liquidity ratios, and may be the reason for an increased ratio (Appendix B), when there should be a decline as indicators have presented. This is mainly apparent in the directors valuation of investment properties. (Note 8 of the financial reports). One property has not decreased from the previous year, and one was purchased in the current year. This could be an indication of a fraudulent misstatement. Competitors are another business risk for TON Ltd. One competitor of TON Ltd have develope d and patented a device similar to the one in which TON Ltd spent a considerable amount on.This highlights a risk of obsolescence of inventory for the company and an overstatement of assets as the expenditure hasnt been written off. The reporting of this expense into other non-current assets account has lead to an increase of 1900 percent in the trend statement (Appendix A), and an increase in the percentage of total assets by almost 13% (Appendix C). As with the property, the treatment of expenditure affects the current liquidity ratio, do impasse liquidity look better than it actually is (Appendix B).If the amount was written off, due to it not providing any future economic benefit to the company wherefore it would decrease the assets of the business, and increase the tax liability of the company. The factors highlighted supra would have placed pressure on the directors of the company. Considering the directors value certain financial report balances, these balances have a risk of being fraudulently misstated. These accounts are Investments (non-current), Property Plant and Equipment, and Intangible Assets (non- current).As discussed previously, the decline in the property market would indicate a decline to the value of the property held by TON Ltd. However, TON Ltd has not The pressures that might been placed on the directors, may have lead to the directors to not devalue the property. This can also be said for the intangible assets account which contains technologies thats valued by the directors. These technologies have not been impaired which is not normal, considering technology is regularly improving and therefore archaic in a shorter period than other intangibles. Plant and Equipment also needs be looked at.Although there is no indication of misstatement in this account, in fact it has decreased in the trend and common size statements (Appendix A and C) should be looked into. Appendix A Trend Statement 2013 2012 2011 sales speed of light% price o f goods sold 68% 85% ascorbic acid% Gross sugar% 109% one C% other Revenue snow% operating 154% 100% Finance costs 150% 128% 100% profit before Tax 103% 100% Tax Expense 103% 100% Net profit 103% 100% 9000 $000 $000 cash 139% 100% exchange and other receivables 131% 111% 100% Investments cx% 100% Inventories 110% 107% 100% other% 92% 100% broad(a) current Assets 110% 108% 100% Non Current AssetsInvestments 150% 145% 100% Property, make up & equipment 84% 92% 100% Intangibles 200% 200% 100% otherness% 100% 100% Total Non-current Assets 158% 130% 100% Total Assets 140% 122% 100% Current Liabilities Trade and other payable 104% 118% 100% provosts 59% 100% Total current Liabilities 101% 116% 100% Non Current Liabilities sank Loans 188% 125% 100% provosts 116% 114% 100% Total Non-current Liabilities 179% 124% 100% Total Liabilities 144% 120% 100% Net Assets 135% 123% 100% Equity Share capital 100% 100% 100% Reserve 107% 100% 100% Retained Earnings 190% 163% 100% Total Equity% 123 % 100% Appendix BActivity dimensions Receivables Turnover 4. 55 6. 32 Days in Receivables 80 58 Inventory Turnover 2. 19 2. 85 Days in Inventory 166. 53 127. 89 Profitability Ratios Gross profit 0. 32 0. 30 0. 25 Net profit 0. 07 0. 14 0. 13 Return on Total Assets 0. 03 0. 09 0. 11 Return on Shareholders Equity 0. 07 0. 19 Solvency Ratios 0. 22 Times Interest Earned 0. 63 1. 76 Liquidity Ratios current Ratio 1. 80 1. 54 1. 66 Quick Asset Ratio 0. 90 0. 79 0. 83 Appendix C Common Size Statement $000 $000 $000 sales Revenue 100% 100% 100% 2. 17 Cost of goods sold 68% 70% 75% Gross profit% 25% other Revenue 7% 7% operatingFinance cost 11% 8% 6% profit Before Tax Tax Expense 6% 5% Net profit $000 $000 Current Assets cash 0. 15% 0. 25% 0. 22% Trade and other receivables 11. 15% 10. 79% Investments 3. 36% 5. 91% 6. 56% Inventories 14. 80% 16. 45% 18. 75% other. 22% 0. 31% 0. 41% Total current Assets 29. 68% 33. 70% 37. 81% Investments 33. 59% 37. 26% 31. 25% Property, plant & equipment 1 4. 33% 17. 99% Intangibles 8. 96% 10. 28% 6. 25% 23. 75% Total Non-current Assets 70. 32% 66. 30% 62. 19% Total Assets 100% 100% 100% Trade and other payable 29. 99% 40. 2% 41. 68% provosts 1. 28% 2. 55% 3. 13% Total current Liabilities 31. 6% 43. 27% 44. 81% sank Loans 63. 80% 50. 91% 49. 04% provosts 4. 93% 5. 82% 6. 15% Total Non-Current Liabilities 68. 74% Total Liabilities 100% 100% 100% Net Assets 56. 73% 55. 19% Share capital 23. 65% 25. 94% 31. 88% Reserve 25. 30% 25. 94% 31. 88% Retained Earnings 51. 05% 48. 11% 36. 24% Total Equity% 100% 100% Question 2 Internal Controls The client of ACT Ltd has stated they have established improvements to their systems surrounding their innate defends.From the information that has been provided by the audit manager containing the new internal controls implemented at ACT Ltd, the allowing table contains a list of the four internal controls that are potentially effective, the risk each one could mitigate, and the appropriate tests of ea ch of the identified controls. Strengths Effective Control Risk Addressed Test of Control l. Documentation which allows the follow up of part filled orders by the dispatch department manager. (Preventative control. ) l. Deals with the custody that happens in the sales process, dealing with shipping/deli really in particular.The control helps to oppose the overstatement of sales by accounting for partially filled orders and not listing them as complete orders. It also helps to prevent the understatement of inventory by retention a correct record of what has actually been dispatched. This deals with the occurrence and completeness assertions Examination of the reconciliation of shipments to invoices Monitor the checking of shipments, or inspect selected shipments, including partially filled shipments Inspection of documentation relating to shipments, and partially filled shipments IV.Computing and updating the customer volume ratings that are used to apply discounts. Provides a se parationism of duties by having the ratings calculated by one person, and authorized by another individual. It encourages the right recording of sales, and discounts applied. It allows discounts to be applied, with accordance to the companys policy. This deals with the accuracy assertion. Select a sample of invoices (with discounts applied to them), and check the evidence that the discount applied can be traced back to the approved list. Check against previous sales totals of the customer VIII.Reviewing of the trade receivables analysis to detect and highlight any accounts that are past 90 days. Allows the financial manager to follow up with the trade receivables clerk, and receive reasoning for the outstanding balances. Detective control) VIII. Deals with accounts receivable and mainly outstanding accounts. The control is in place to allow the detection of any abnormal balances, and bad debts. It encourages the chasing up of debtors before 90 days, the correct assessment of bad deb ts expense, It also helps to detect any customers that are of concern in these areas. The assertion here is classification. Assessment of outstanding accounts, and make inquiries with key faculty about the outstanding amounts, and the chance of payment. Examine against company, and accounting, policy on bad and doubtful debts. X. Chasing up outstanding receivables. Also makes sure that customers do not go over credit limits by putting a hold on / delaying of shipments until a payment is received from the customer. (Preventative control) X. Deals with accounts receivable, bad debts, and sales/ inventory. The control allows for a plan thats been in placed to follow up on any outstanding debts, and or detect bad and doubtful debts.The control is in placed to ensure sales/inventory are not completed and thusly shipped to customers who have outstanding accounts that the financial manager is uncomfortable with. It encourages correct credit procedures, chasing up outstanding accounts, an d the correct valuation of accounts receivable. An assessment of outstanding accounts, and inquires with key staff about the outstanding amounts, and the chance of payment. Evaluate against company, and accounting, policy on bad and doubtful debts. Review the credit approval process, against customers with outstanding debt.Check against company policy The above table highlighted the potentially effective controls that ACT Ltd has set in place. However though not all of the controls in placed were effective that the Audit Managers raise has identified, five out of the nine controls that ACT Ltd have in place had some failinges. The following section of this report will highlight the five sales and receivables internal controls, and the weaknesses inherent in each one. Weaknesses The first weakness to be highlighted is the weakness of control two, this weaknesses completeness and occurrence.The lack of separation of duties in this control, allows an employee to misappropriate assets . The employee can dressing up any misappropriation as they are involved in twain the shipping of goods and the good turned whilst without any appropriate supervising or authorizing. Another weakness in this control is that the trade receivables clerk is the one individual in charge of all credit notes. Again, by the lack of segregation of duties, allows the employee to wipe up falsified actions by having control of both transactions.The weaknesses in control three are related to fraudulent activities, as with errors in the financial report, concerning unwilled mistakes. The IT system is fairly new and is looked after by the sales director and not an IT expert. This weakness can raise the risk of errors in the IT system. The prices of stock are gathered from the selling price master file, and as there is no password protection necessary for access to databases, the selling price master files, and every other file are all subject to inappropriate changes.This allows for any fraud ulent activities and as well, honest mistakes dealing with the changing of database files. The most evident weakness in this control is the simple screen check performed by the trade receivables clerk to verify the accuracy of the invoices. A high risk of misstatement can arise, whether purposely or unintentionally. Some simple controls of passwords, authorization of hangers, authorization and approval of invoices would help to reduce the weaknesses, and thus the risk. Control five has a few weaknesses that allow the risk of fraudulent activities, and segregation of duties.This control entitles the trade receivables clerk, who also creates invoices, to post them the general Journal. As there is not segregation of duties, this can allow the clerk to cover up any fraudulent activities they may be par taking in. Add to this weakness, not only can fraudulent activities be covered up, alone unintentional errors may not be highlighted before the sales invoices are posted to the general l edger. Segregation of these duties, posting to the ledger, and/or receiving approval and authorization of the sales invoices and general ledger, can minimize the risk surrounding the weaknesses of control.As stated above, segregation of duties is visibly a weakness in the sales and receivables of ACT Ltd. This weakness also exists in control 6. The trade receivables clerk, who computes all the data for the invoices, is also the same person who accepts the receipts from debtors, compute the payments, prepares the bank deposit slip, and reconciles the trade receivables ledger to the debtors control account in this control. This is plainly raising the risk that the clerk could possibly partake and conceal any fraud during their normal course of duties.Sufficient segregation of duties is very vital to reducing this risk, and therefore reduces the weaknesses highlighted in this control. Control sevens main weakness deals around the controls in the IT system and the controls around the da tabases. Control seven includes the computer generating an aged analysis at the end of the month, based upon all invoices completed. However with insufficient controls as highlighted in control three and our, the information in the report is likely to have errors. The fact that anyone can easily access the database means that the invoices computed can be fraudulently created, deleted or modified.Therefore occurrence and accuracy assertions can plainly be found to be inaccurate. Control seven can only be strengthened if the controls in place, the likely hood of misstatement in this control is only going to carry on. Assessment of Internal Controls As highlighted in the report the new internal controls that are in placed at ACT Ltd have both strengths and weaknesses. As such the reliance on these internal controls fifers in different areas. The strengths draw above are obviously of less concern then the weaknesses outlined.The controls accept as effective require more tests of contr ol rather than substantive testing, as they can be relied upon more than the controls that have been recognized with weaknesses. As for the controls with weaknesses, they are require to have more substantive testing as the controls cannot be relied upon as much. The strengths highlighted surround delivery and shipping (control 1), the accuracy of discounts applied (control 4), aged trade receivables, allow up of aged trade receivables, and the accuracy of bad and doubtful debt expense (controls 8 and 9).The assertions attributed to these areas can therefore be relied upon more than the other controls. The tests of controls outlined above should be undertaken on these controls identified to ensure that the controls exist and can be relied upon. The controls around these areas can be class as less than high. The weaknesses highlighted concern largely the segregation of duties, and controls around the IT system. These two weaknesses are common across all the weaknesses identified. As s uch, these controls cannot be relied upon, at least until the management of ACT Ltd correct the weaknesses identified.Therefore the risk assessment of these areas can be classed as high, and thus require no test of controls, and a greater emphasis on substantive testing. References Gay, G. E. , & Sentiments, R. (2012). Auditing and self-reliance services in Australia (5th deed. ). Roseville McGraw Hill. ACACIA. (2014 or 2013). Auditing and assurance handbook. Brisbane John Wiley & Sons Australia. Accounts Receivable Account Receivable has increased while sales has decreased. Days in receivables ratio has also increased considerably.This highlights a high risk Current Investments The decrease in current investments needs investigating, as well as why it has been impaired and has the impairment correctly been done. Reasoning for it. External valuation by an expert. For it. Used, deferred development expenditure requires investigation, due to the more obsolescence of the companys lase r development.

How revolutionary was the American war Essay

The the Statesn war of independence was also kn induce as the American subverter war. This war was fought amongst the American colonies and England. The war itself started with the battle of Lexington and concord. It started when some soldiers of the British army arrived in Lexington, Massachusetts. Over there, they fired at the colonial militia which it was a group of farmers, boys as well as old men. Then on the following day they headed to Concord and over there they killed some Americans. Thus, this was the starting signal engagement of battle of the radical war. The broader sense of the revolution began when parliament started to impose laws and regulations to the colonies.For instance, After the French and Indian war was over, Britain turned its attention to the colonies. They restricted the colonies to trade with other nations. Thus bowlful the navigation act the colonies were allowed to trade only with England. So goods such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton that were produce d in the colonies could only be exported to British ports. Indeed, these rules and regulations ended up constrictive the colonists life and freedomOther laws that they impose on the colonies included taxes. Since the French and Indian war had put England in a galvanic pile of debt, they decided to raise the taxes. Then In 1764, England passed the Sugar Act, which was used to raise money from the colonies. Moreover, The Stamp Act passed by England in 1765, placed taxes on day-by-day items such as newspapers, legal documents, and even playing cards (Divine 135). Furthermore, England did not even consider the thoughts of the Americans when they tried to have soldiers enforce British taxes and acts. The colonists felt that they were set unfairly so they called for a meeting to protest the tax. So, representatives from nine out of the thirteen colonies came to this meeting. The colonists drafted petitions to parliament that stated no taxes should be imposed on them, except with thei r own consent, given personally, or by their representatives (Divine 136). Besides, they felt that the stamp act was improper because Americans were not represented in parliament. But still, the British went behind their own law which is no taxation without representation (Divine132) and still taxed the colonies anyway.In return, the colonists imposed a voluntary boycott of British goods until parliament repealed the stamp act. So, it was obvious then, that the British were not treating the Americans equally like their own citizens in England. So I think that it was these inequalities that also lead to the decision to declare independence from the British rule. In addition, the Townshend Acts came and it also taxed glass, paper, tea and lead.(Divine 140) Therefore, the colonies refused to pay. In fact, it didnt seem logical then that the colonies were regulated and tax by a government from so far away. Eventually, the Americans completed that the only way for them to retain their r ights was to have political freedom from England. So they wanted independence from England. But unfortunately, the British strongly opposed letting the Americans be free. Therefore, it created many conflicts between the Americans and the British especially the soldiers. Indeed, all of these conflicts led to the revolutionary war.Finally, when America decided to declare its independence and go to war, it was a sign of melodic theme action. Britains army was bigger and consisted of well trained and experienced soldiers. Americans, on the other hand, had soldiers who were poorly trained and equipped. But that didnt stop them. They were determined to go to war anyway in order to change the rule of the nation. As a result they were able to break away from British rule.Thus the revolutionary war had a greater impact on the colonies and involved more than their independence. A new view of government was created that the world had not seen before. Democracy for the first time was implement ed in a government and its authority was based on individual rights rather than from a king or church. Furthermore, the revolution changed the American society in some ways. For instance, after the war the American people denounced such English titles like esquire from the names of wealthy people. They also lower the measuring rod of land that they needed in order to choose. Even though the American Revolution brought some change, other things were still the same.For instance, the distribution of wealth in America was still uneven Thus, the sudden accumulation of large fortunes by new families made other Americans sensitive to aristocratic display(Divine 163) Moreover, women were not allow to vote and it took a long time for some slaves to be free orto be treated as equals. Thus the revolution did not bring rough a big change of American society, at least not in the short term. But, republicans such as Samuel Adams and Thomas Jefferson raised issues of immense meaning for the lat er history of the United States. They felt that equality was essential. Even though they failed to abolish slavery, institute universal manhood suffrage, or apply equality to women, they furnish a set of assumptions about peoples rights and liberties that challenge future generations of Americans.(Divine 168)ReferenceAmerica past and present, volume I, Divine Breen and Fredrickson Williams, copyright 2002http//encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/American%20Revolutionhttp//www.kusd.edu/schools/ throw/platinum/banaszynski/revolution/patriot_links_2003/taxes_taxes_taxes.html

Attendance Monitoring System Essay

The main aim of this paper is to develop an accurate, fast and very efficient automatic attending system using fingermark balk technique. We propose a system in which reproduce verification is d whizz by using extraction of minutiae technique and the system that automates the whole subroutine of taking attention, The study was conducted using a quantitative approach by designing a questionnaire as the data solicitation instrument based on reproduce matching biometric technologarithmies. The survey involved 6 employees based on stratified random sampling technique.The results however fate that fingermark biometric identifier was rig suitable for the employee attendance management system of the organization. Keywords Biometrics, fingerprint ,employee attendance, identifier, etc . 1. Introduction In many institutions and organization the attendance is very important agentive role for various purposes and its one of the important criteria that is to follow for students and org anization employees. The previous approach in which manually taking and maintains the attendance records was very inconvenient task. After having these issues in mind we develop an automatic attendance system which automates the whole process of taking attendance and maintaining it.We already know about some commonly employ biometric techniques argon used for objective denomination ,verification ar like iris recognition, voice identification, fingerprint identification, DNA recognition ,etc .Biometrics techniques are widely used in various areas like building security,etc. A fingerprint is an impression of the friction ridges on all parts of thefinger. A friction ridge is a raised(a) portion of the epidermis on the palmar (palm) or digits (fingers and toes) or plantar (sole) skin, consisting of one or more connected ridge units of friction ridge skin. These are sometimes known as epidermal ridges which caused by the underlying interface amid the dermal papillae of the dermis A fingerprint is an impression of the friction ridges on all parts of the finger. A friction ridge is a raised portion of the epidermis on the palmar (palm) or digits (fingers and toes) or plantar (sole) skin, consisting of one or more connected ridge units of friction ridge skin.These are sometimes known as epidermal ridges which caused by the underlying interface between the dermal papillae of the dermis The term fingerprint is refers impressions transferred from the pad last fit of fingers and thumbs, though fingerprint cards also typically record portions of lower joint areas of the fingers (which are also used to make identifications)6. It is believed that no both people have identical fingerprint in world, so the fingerprint verification and identification is most popular way to verify the authenticity or identity of a person wherever the security is a problematic question.The reason for popularity of fingerprint technique is uniqueness of person a trick ups from his behavior personal characteristics are like, for instance uniqueness, which indicates that each and both fingerprint is unique, different from one other. Universality ,that means every person hold the individual characteristics of fingerprint. The three basic patterns of fingerprint ridges are the arch, loop, and whorl An arch is a pattern where the ridges enter from one side of the finger, rise in the center forming an arc, and then exit the other side of the finger13. The loop is a pattern where the ridges enter from one side of a finger, form a curve, and tend to exit from the alike side they enter. In the whorl pattern, ridges form circularly around a central point on the finger. Scientists have found that family members often share the same general fingerprint patterns, leading to the belief that these patterns are inherited 2013, IJARCSSE All Rights ReservedPage 379Rao et al., International Journal of go Research in calculator Science and Software Engineering 3(4), April 2013, pp. 379-3832. Attendance Monitoring Model Automatic attendance system using fingerprint verification technique. A fingerprint is captured by user interface, which are likely to be an optical solid state or an ultrasound sensor. Generally, there are dickens approaches are used for fingerprint verification system among them first one is Minutiae based technique, in which minutiae is represented by ending or termination and bifurcations. some other one is Image based method or matching pattern. Minutiae-based matching This is the most popular and widely used technique, being the basis of the fingerprint affinity made by fingerprint examiners. Minutiae are extracted from the two fingerprints and stored as sets of points in the two- dimensional plane.Minutiae-based matching essentially consists of finding the alignment between the template and the input minutiae sets that results in the maximum number of minutiae pairings1 Pattern or Image based matching Pattern based matching use algorithms to compare the basic fingerprint patterns like arch, whorl or loop between a previously stored template and candidate fingerprint.For this purpose image is required to be alinment in same orientation. In matching process algorithms finds a central point on the fingerprint image and centre on the image. In pattern based algorithm, the template contains the fictitious character, size and orientation of pattern within the aligned fingerprint image.The candidate fingerprint image is graphically compared with the template to determine the degree to which the match. 3.Implementation Of Process This process complete in three phase and also phase description is mention belowPhase 1. reproduce scanning and registration fingermark scans convince peoples fingerprints into digital codes or numerical data that can be recorded in a database. Like facial recognition software, fingerprint scanning matches an individuals code against an existing database of codes in order to confirm t hat individuals identity. Proponents of fingerprint scanning point to the conversion of fingerprints into digital data as a privacy protection measureFingerprint scanning is already in use as an identification system that replaces cards or keys to log onto computers. Before scanning the fingerprint everyone has to fill the registration form.These form have the some of the basic details of the individual such asname,fathers name,mothers name,date of birth and so on. Fingerprint scanningRegistration form 2013, IJARCSSE All Rights ReservedPage 380Rao et al., International Journal of in advance(p) Research in reckoner Science and Software Engineering 3(4), April 2013, pp. 379-383PHASE-2- Fingerprint recognition or authentication Fingerprint recognition or fingerprint authentication refers to the automated method of confirming a match between two human fingerprints. Fingerprints are one of many forms of biometrics used to identify individuals and verify their identity. This article touches on two major classes of algorithms (minutia and pattern) and four sensor designs (optical, ultrasonic, passive capacitance, and active capacitance). The analysis of fingerprints for matching purposes generally requires the comparison of several features of the print pattern.These include patterns, which are aggregate characteristics of ridges, and minutia points, which are unique features found within the patterns.1 It is also necessary to know the structure and properties of human skin in order to successfully employ some of the imagination technologies.10. Minutiae-based fingerprint matching algorithm has been proposed to solve two problems correspondence and similarity computation. For the correspondence problem, use an alignment-based greedy matching algorithm to establish the correspondences between minutiae. Fingerprint recognition systems have the advantages of both ease of use and low cost. 2013, IJARCSSE All Rights ReservedPage 381Rao et al., International Journa l of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 3(4), April 2013, pp. 379-383 Phase-3-Attendance updateEmployee Attendance Management software is tightly integrated withthe organizations HR data. The in-time and out-time, lunch and breaks entered by the employees go away help the respective authority in charge to keep in track the activities of the employees. Employee Attendance Management System helps in keeping track of the attendance of employees based on various events like shift, late, overtime, permission, holiday working and on duty.5Single click view of all time office events like hours worked, late, permission, on duty, overtime, leave of an employee for date or month period can also be obtained from this Attendance Management system. Employee Attendance Management Software helps to monitor the productiveness of the employees and also keep a check on the Employee absenteeism which in turn helps in achieving the organization goals.4. Result The report will be generated with name of the employee matched fingerprint and stored in an attendance system. Attendance log of the month is shown in below tableThis software not only prepare the monthly report just now also shows the attendance of the individual day. It not only display the name of the present employees but it also display the employee which is absent or late on that particular day.This software also display the name of employees which is in preplan live.The individual attendance reports is shown below 2013, IJARCSSE All Rights ReservedPage 382Rao et al., International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 3(4), April 2013, pp. 379-3835.Conclusion And Future Work The proposed system will make way for perfect management of students and module attendance and produce more accuracy. Future work on this project would include the creating of a matching algorithm that uses to mention and maintain the different type of leave such as on duty leave,leave without pay ,medical leave and soon.Also timely update the leave of the each employees when it take leave. The efficient matching algorithm have to be developed in theory and in code so that our goal of getting faster and more accurate matched image than with preexisting software.References 1 Jianjiang Feng, Combining minutiae descriptors for fingerprint matching, Pattern Recognition, pp. 342 352, April 2007. 2 Peng Shi, Jie Tian, Qi Su, and Xin Yang, A Novel Fingerprint Matching Algorithm Based on Minutiae and Global Statistical Features, IEEE Conference, 2007. 3 Neeta Nain, Deepak B M, Dinesh Kumar, Manisha Baswal, and Biju Gautham Optimized MinutiaeBased Fingerprint Matching, Proceedings, 2008. 4 BioLink 2006. Time and attendance, Retrieved 11thDecember,2011fromhttp//www.m3biometrics.co.uk/Portals/2/downloads/BioTime_Time_and_Attendance.pdf. 5 InfoTronics, Inc. 2008. Biometrics Advantages for employee attendance verification, Michigan Farmington Hills. Retrieved 11th November, 2011 from www.mwtime.com/biometrics.pdf. 6 Jain, A., Hong, L., Pankanti, S., Bolle, R., 1997.An Identity Authentication System Using Fingerprints. Retrieved 10th June, 2012 from http//biometrics.cse.msu.edu/Publications/Fingerprint/JainEtAlIdentityAuthUsingFp_ProcIEEE97.pdf. 7 K. Asai, Y. Hoshino and K. Kiji, Automated fingerprint Identification by minutiae-network feature- feature extraction process, IEICE transactions, Vol.J72-D-II, N0.5, pp 724-732, 1989. 8 Chaur-Chin Chen and Yaw-Yi Wang, An AFIS Using Fingerprint Classification, Image and Vision Computing, 2003. 9Virginia Espinosa-Dur6, Fingerprints Thinning Algorithm, IEEE AES Systems Magazine, 2003. 10 U. Halici, L. C. Jain, A. Erol, Introduction to Fingerprint Recognition, adroit Biometric Techniques in Fingerprint and Face Recognition,L.C. Jain, U. Halici, I.Hayashi, S.B. Lee, S. Tsutsui (editors), CRCPress, 1999. 11 Manvjeet Kaur, Mukhwinder Singh, Akshay Girdhar, and Parvinder S.Sandhu, Fingerprint Verification System using Minutiae Extraction Technique, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 46 2008. 12 Anil K. Jain, Arun Ross and Salil Prabhakar, An entranceway to biometric recognition, Circuits and Systems for Video Technology,IEEE Transactions on Volume 14, Issue 1, Jan. 2004 Page(s)4 20. 13 L. OGorman, Overview of fingerprint verification technologies,Elsevier Information Security Technical Report, Vol. 3, No. 1, 1998. 14. Eric P. Kukula, Christine R. Blomeke, Shimon K. Modi, and Tephen J. Elliott, Effect of military personnel Interaction on Fingerprint Matching Performance, Image Quality, and Minutiae Count,

French and Indian War Essay

The French and Indian War altered the semipolitical, economic, and ideological relations between Britain and American colonies. Ideologically, this War brought up resentment toward Britain this changed the political relation station between Britain and its colonists because the British were forced to unfairly tax them due to their debt. The French and Indian war transformed North America by whole leaving the British and the colonists left in their region. Greedy as the British were they did non treat the colonists fair by taxing them turn over to resentment that lead to the American Revolution. after(prenominal) the French and Indian War, North America completely changed. Before 1754 English, French, Spanish, and the Russians had a portion of North America that they had power over. After 1763 the French were completely left out and had no land at all. (Document A) This impacted Britain and American colonists politically because it lead to the Proclamation of 1763 where Native Ame ricans believed that the white people were not allowed to settle in their land that they had inhabited for hundreds of years. (Document .B) Britain thought that with the proclamation everything would turn out great, but it did not it vertical angered the colonists. They were angry because they believed they had no freedom.After the French and Indian War, England had to pay off a huge debt that had been accumulating over the years. The only way they saw to pay this was to regulate trade meaning that they would take up fully control and know who and what they are trading with, and to tax everything. Britain made these changes and angered the colonists even more because the colonists tangle it was not fair that all of a sudden they started taxing everything. (Document F)Taxation had a huge impact on the economic relationship between the colonists and their mother country because many of these acts forced the Americans to ship their raw materials to Britain, only to later buy the fin ished products from them. Mercantilism was soon aban preceptored when the colonists rebelled. An act that really angered the colonists was the Stamp act. Colonists furious of these taxations used boycotting as their weapon, they practiced non-importation and non-consumption. Although hurting the colonists and the British, the British soon came to realize that they were not messing around.(Document G)Colonists coming together and boycotting these acts had a huge impact on the British ideological values. The colonists felt that taxation was another thing that they should be mad at the British for. It added more stuff to what was already going on. The colonists were already mad about the Proclomation and just taxing everything did not make colonists happier. The colonists soon came to understand that they had little to no freedom which lead to the idea of becoming independent. Thinking that they could stand on their own. They dont need the British. (Document D)The French and Indian war brought up resentment toward the british this changed the political relationship between Britain and the colonists because of the taxation that the British put on everything. Colonists began to change their mindset from being one whole colony to believing that they could stand on their own and become independent thus leading to the Revolution.

Fundamentals of Research Essay

This paper will discuss the connection between scientific systems and look for in the gracious services field. By comparing and contrasting, qualitative and decimal search as well as the describing steps involved in scientific method is answered using realistic examples that may be employ in the human service field. The pros and cons of the mixed methods atomic number 18 identified atomic number 18 relevant in the human service environment.The Scientific manner and Human ServicesA scientific method is described a scientific approach to question and mainly depends on empirical reasoning which discusses the use of combining system of logic and the use of careful observation and measurement that is accessible to other researchers (Rosnow & Rosenthal, 2008, p. 20). In other words, scientific method is a method to gather information, conduct an experiment, and produce a hypothesis. look intoers use the data from different sources, such(prenominal) as a survey, questionnaire, interview, or polls to formulate hypothesis or an educated guess). Descriptive, relational, and experimental research can be used in the human services field. For example, descriptive research consists of researching how things are.Relational researching describes how things are in relation to other things. Experimental research is a combination of descriptive and relational research (Rosnow & Rosenthal, 2008, p. 20). The hypothesis is a base for discovering who did what and why. For example, researchers in the human services field can use descriptive research to look at the characteristics of an alcoholic teenager. They may also focus on how it may coin the teenagers relationships with others, behavior, action in school, and obtaining, and maintaining his or her first job. Scientific methods are valuable assets in spite of appearance the human service and related fields because the method helps determine new and improved ways to see a client with his or her crisis. amounts in t he Scientific MethodThe steps included in scientific methods are diagnoseing research, reviewing literature, specifying a purpose for the study, data collection, analyze orinterpret the collection of data, as well as report and evaluate the research (Creswell, 2008). For example, contributing factors in a students poor surgical process in school.Step 1 Identifying the researchA student has poor act in school.Step 2 Reviewing literature.Select and research the statistics have contributing factors that lead to the poor performance in school.Step 3 Specifying the purpose for the study.Students poor performance is because of unexpected raft.Step 4 Data CollectionApproximately 25% of students in school encounter uncontrollable circumstances before and during a course of study.Step 5 Analyzing or interpreting DataPoor performance may be due to financial, mental, emotional, or physical difficulties.Step 6 Report and Evaluate results of interrogationThe research has found that the poor performance before and during a course of study is typically among students who are affected by one or more of the above instances. This occurs in ab forth 100 out of 500 students.Quantitative and Qualitative ResearchQuantitative researchers decide what is necessary to study by enquire specific or constricted questions by the collection of numerical data from participants. For example, the 25% of students display minus affects through some sort of difficulty during at least one course of study. Qualitative research relies on the opinion through answers to general questions during data collection from participants. This occurs when researchers describe and analyze these words for forgo and conducts theinquiry in a subjective, biased manner (Creswell, 2008, p. 46). The determining factors focus on deciding what oddball of research to use, such as the type of problem, the audience, and person-to-person experiences. Most students describe the poor performance as frustrating and o verwhelming. Some students may begin to cry or lose eye contact during the interviewing process. methodologyMethodologies suggest how inquiries are formed by demonstrating problems worth investigating, how to frame a problem, how to develop suitable groundwork of data collection, and how to make the logical link between them (Jackson, 2007, p. 23). Combining both forms of data uses duodecimal or qualitative data to gain more improved understanding of a research problem than apiece one separately. Qualitative research data typically comes from field work (Morse, 2005). Collected data is through interviews, direct observation, and written documents. Morse states that data from an interview is the participants exact words relating to his or her experience, opinions, feelings, and knowledge (Morse, 2005). The observation of data is gathered from the behavior of the participant. Some examples of written documents are correspondence, questionnaires, and surveys.Mixed Method ResearchA m ixed methods research design is a procedure for collecting, analyzing, and mixing both quantitative and qualitative research and other methods in a single study to understand a research problem (Creswell, 2008, p. 552). Sometimes qualitative research data is also used during mixed methods (Caracelli & Greene, 1993). To study a larger spectrum, combing multiple methods is feasible. Triangular design, embedded design, explanatory design, and exploratory design are unspoilt a few examples of mixed method research.ConclusionWhen the human service professional uses scientific method, they typically use empirical reasoning to explain the results of data collection.Scientific research helps human service professionals identify trends and indifferences among clients to enhance the quality of his or her life. The research also suggests methods to suppress the negative outcomes in the lives of the clients and their family. This is done by using qualitative data using numbers and quantitative data collection using personal experiences, surveys, or polls.ReferencesCaracelli, V. J., and Greene, J.C.(1993). Data Analysis Strategies for Mixed-Method Evaluation Designs. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis. 15(2) Creswell, J. W. (2008). Educational research Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson/ Merrill Prentice Hall. Jackson, R. L., Drummond, D. K., & Camara, S. (2007). What Is Qualitative Research?.Qualitative Research Reports In Communication, 8(1), 21-28. doi10.1080/17459430701617879Morse, J. M. (2005). Qualitative research. In Carl Mitcham (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Science, Technology, and Ethics (pp. 1557-1559). Detroit, MI Macmillan Reference USA. Rosnow, R. L., & Rosenthal, R. (2008). Beginning behavioral research A conceptual primer (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson/Prentice Hall.